Sources·Iliade
Source · Epic · Italian

Iliade

Author
Vincenzo Monti
Date
1810
Language
Italian
Country
Italy
First published
Iliade (Italian version of Homer’s Iliad), Book I, 1810
Themes
war, anger, the gods

The source

Original · Italian

Cantami, o Diva, del Pelìde Achille
l'ira funesta che infiniti addusse
lutti agli Achei, molte anzi tempo all'Orco
generose travolse alme d'eroi,
e di cani e d'augelli orrido pasto
lor salme abbandonò (così di Giove
l'alto consiglio s'adempìa), da quando
primamente disgiunse aspra contesa
il re de' prodi Atride e il divo Achille.

Vincenzo Monti, Iliade (Italian translation of Homer’s Iliad), 1810, Book I · public domain

Commentary

Dr. Ruxandra Roux Dr. Ruxandra RouxHead of Literary Research & Development

Vincenzo Monti, 1810: the Italian Iliad, Book I here. Monti is the Italian voice of Homer for generations of schoolchildren, and he is famous, a little notorious, for not reading Greek well: he worked largely from Latin and Italian versions. His genius was the Italian.

The first word that matters is l'ira: wrath. Not a hero, not a war. An anger, “funesta”, deadly, that sent countless griefs to the Achaeans and threw heroic souls to Hades before their time, their bodies left as a “grim feast” for dogs and birds, while Zeus's plan ran its course. The cause is a quarrel between two men, the king Agamemnon and Achilles. In nine lines you have the whole plot: an argument between two men ruins thousands. Epic does not begin with the hero. It begins with the damage.